‘Leukodystrophy-like’ phenotype in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. (10) Hacohen Y, Rossor T, Mankad K, et al. Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in patients with optic neuritis and seizures. (9) Gutman JM, Kupersmith M, Galetta S, Kister I. Clinical spectrum and prognostic value of CNS MOG autoimmunity in adults: The MOGADOR study. (8) Cobo-Calvo A, Ruiz A, Maillart E, et al. Antibodies to MOG and AQP4 in children with neuromyelitis optica and limited forms of the disease. The primary therapies used in the US are mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), rituximab (Rituxan), azathioprine (Imuran), and repeated IVIG infusions or subcutaneous immunoglobulin. (5) Lechner C, Baumann M, Hennes EM, et al. The spectrum of Myelin Oligodendrocytes Glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease constitutes a recently described challenging entity, referring to a relatively new spectrum of autoimmune disorders with antibodies against MOG predominantly involving the optic nerve and spinal cord. There are no FDA-approved medications for maintenance in MOG antibody disease, so anything prescribed is done off-label. Defining distinct features of anti-MOG antibody associated central nervous system demyelination. (4) Weber MS, Derfuss T, Metz I, Brück W. Comparison of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) when they co-exist with anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis. 10 Leukodystrophies are genetic rare diseases that affect the central nervous system by disrupting myelination. One study described symptoms and MRI findings of MOG antibody disease in children under the age of 7 that were similar to leukodystrophies. 1 NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis that can cause psychosis, issues with memory and language, and seizures. MOG antibody disease can also occur in relation to another condition called anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis. Acute transverse myelitis with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies Prevalence: Unknown Inheritance: - Age of onset. When a relapse occurs, the diagnosis of MOGAD is confirmed. In some, the MOG antibody persists, and relapses may occur. In many kids, the MOG antibody disappears within 1 year, and relapses do not occur. 4Ĭhildren can be found to have the MOG antibody in the setting of ADEM however, a positive MOG antibody test in the setting of ADEM does not necessarily imply a course of MOGAD. Those with MOG antibody disease are more likely to have both optic nerves affected at the same time, and if the symptoms are in only one eye, the other optic nerve may show subclinical atrophy. 2 Those with persistent detection of anti-MOG may be more likely to have a relapsing rather than monophasic disease course.
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